19 Shiji 77 -《史記》-魏公子列傳
魏公子列傳
1. 魏公子無忌者,魏昭王子少子而魏安釐王異母弟也。昭王薨,安釐王即位,封公子為信陵君。是時范睢亡魏 相秦,以怨魏齊故,秦兵圍大梁,破魏華陽下軍,走芒卯。魏王及公子患之。
1. 魏公子无忌者,魏昭王子少子而魏安厘王异母弟也。昭王薨,安厘王即位,封公子为信陵君。是时范睢亡魏 相秦,以怨魏齐故,秦兵围大梁,破魏华阳下军,走芒卯。魏王及公子患之。
(77.1)
魏無忌 | Wèi Wújì | youngest son of King Zhao and step-brother of King An Xi |
昭王 | Zhāo Wáng | King Zhao (r. 296-277 BCE) |
少 | shào | youngest |
安釐王 | Ān Xǐ Wáng | King An Xi (r. 277-243 BCE) |
異 | yì | different |
薨 | hōng | to die (of feudal lords) |
即位 | jí wèi | to ascend the throne |
封 | fēng | to enfeoff |
信陵君 | Xìn Líng Jūn | Lord of Xin Ling (in Wei) |
范睢 | Fàn Jǖ | (see biography in Shiji 79) |
相 | xiàng | to serve as minister |
怨 | yuàn | to hold a grudge against, to hate |
魏齊 | Wèi Qí | (minister of Wei. He suspected Fan Ju of spying for Qi, and tortured him. Fan escaped to Qin). |
圍 | wéi | to besiege |
大梁 | Dà Liáng | (Capital of Wei. On site of modern Kaifeng. The campaign was in 275 BCE. See Shiji 72 for details). |
華陽 | Huá Yáng | name of a place |
下 | xià | encamped |
走 | zǒu | to run, to put to flight |
芒卯 | Máng Mǎo | (commander of the Wei forces) |
2. 公子为人仁而下士,士无贤不肖皆谦而礼交之,不敢以其富贵骄士。 士以此方数千里争往归之,致食客三千人。当是时,诸侯以公子贤,多客,不敢加兵谋魏十余年。
(77.2)
為人 | wéi rén | as a man, in behavior |
下 | xià | to humble oneself before |
士 | shì | the shi |
無 | wú | without (distinguishing between); no matter whether |
謙 | qiān | modest, humble |
交 | jiāo | to deal with (people) |
富 | fù | wealthy |
貴 | guì | noble |
驕 | jiāo | proud; to treat arrogantly |
方 | fāng | square |
歸 | guī | to give allegiance to |
致 | zhì | to gather |
食客 | shí kè | retainer |
謀 | móu | to scheme against |
3. 公子与魏王博,而北境传举烽,言 “赵寇至,且入界”。 魏王释博,欲召大臣谋。公子止王曰:“赵王田猎 耳,非为寇也。” 复博如故。王恐,心不在博。居顷,复从北方来传言曰:“赵王猎耳,非为寇也。” 魏王大惊,曰:“公子何以知之?” 公子曰:“臣之客有能深 得赵王阴事者,赵王所为,客辄以报臣,臣以此知之。” 是后魏王畏公子之贤能,不敢任公子以国政。
(77.3)
博 | bó | to play chess |
北 | běi | north |
傳 | chuán | to send word |
烽 | fēng | beacon |
寇 | kòu | raider; enemy; to raid |
界 | jiè | border, frontier |
田獵 | tián liè | to hunt |
故 | gù | previously |
居 | jū | after (lapse of time) |
頃 | qǐng | short time |
方 | fāng | direction |
驚 | jīng | to be surprised |
能 | néng | ability |
輒 | zhé | invariably |
政 | zhèng | administration |
4. 魏有隐士曰侯嬴,年七十,家贫,为大梁夷门监者。公子闻之,往请,欲厚遗之。不肯受,曰:“臣修身絜 行数十年,终不以监门困故而受公子财。” 公子于是乃置酒大会宾客。坐定,公子从车骑,虚左,自迎夷门侯生。侯生摄敝衣冠,直上载公子上坐,不让,欲以观公子。公子执辔愈恭。侯生又谓公子曰: “臣有客在市屠中,愿枉车骑过之。” 公子引车入市,侯生下见其客朱亥,俾倪,故久立与其客语,微察公子。公子颜色愈 和。当是时,魏将相宗室宾客满堂,待公子举酒。市人皆观公子执辔。从骑皆窃骂侯生。侯生视公子色终不变,乃谢客就车。至家,公子引侯生坐上坐,遍赞宾客, 宾客皆惊。酒酣,公子起,为寿侯生前。侯生因谓公子曰:“今日嬴之为公子亦足矣。嬴乃夷门抱关者也,而公子亲枉车骑,自迎嬴于众人广坐之中,不宜有所过, 今公子故过之。 然嬴欲就公子之名,故久立公子车骑市中,过客以观公子,公子愈恭。市人皆以嬴为小人,而以公子为长者能下士也。” 于是罢酒,侯生遂为上客。
(77.4)
隱 | yǐn | hidden |
隱士 | yǐnshì | (shi without office, in retirement; recluse) |
侯嬴 | Hóu Yíng | an advisor to the Lord of Xinling 信陵君 |
貧 | pín | poor |
夷門 | Yí Mén | Yi Gate |
監 | jiān | to supervise |
請 | qǐng | to visit |
遺 | wèi | to make presents to |
受 | shòu | to accept |
脩 | xiū | to cultivate (alt. form of修) |
絜 | jié | to cleanse (u.f. 潔 jié) |
行 | xíng | conduct |
困 | kùn | poor |
財 | cái | riches |
置 | zhì | to arrange |
會 | huì | to assemble |
坐 | zuò | to sit |
定 | dìng | settled |
從 | cóng | to take along (as escort) |
車 | jū | carriage (cf. Modern chē) |
車騎 | jū jì | (escort of) horses and carriages |
騎 | jì | horseman (cf. qí to ride) |
虛 | xū | empty; to leave empty |
生 | shēng | Master |
攝 | shè | to straighten |
敝 | bì | tattered |
直 | zhí | direct; directly |
載 | zài | to take (seat) |
讓 | ràng | to demur, to decline, to yield |
執 | zhí | to grasp, to hold |
轡 | pèi | reins |
愈 | yù | even more |
恭 | gōng | respectful |
屠 | tú | butcher |
枉 | wǎng | to cause to deviate, take you out of your way |
過 | guò | to visit, to stop by |
引 | yǐn | to lead, to direct |
朱亥 | Zhū Hài | |
俾倪 | bì nì | to look sideways at, to look arrogantly |
故 | gù | deliberately |
久 | jiǔ | for a long time |
語 | yǔ | to speak |
微 | wēi | covertly |
察 | chá | to inspect |
顏 | yán | face |
色 | sè | expression |
和 | hé | amiable |
宗 | zōng | (ancestor) |
宗室 | zōng shì | royal house |
滿 | mǎn | to fill, full |
堂 | táng | hall |
舉酒 | jǔ jiǔ | to begin the banquet |
從騎 | zòng jì | mounted escorts |
罵 | mà | to curse |
謝 | xiè | to take leave |
贊 | zàn | to praise (in introducing) |
起 | qǐ | to arise |
壽 | shòu | toast |
為 | wéi | to embarrass, to trouble |
關 | guān | bolt of gate |
抱關者 | gatekeeper | bào guān zhě |
親 | qīn | in person, parents, relatives |
眾 | zhòng | numerous; multitude |
廣 | guǎng | broad, large |
故 | gù | indeed |
然 | rán | but |
就 | jiù | to complete, to enhance |
立 | lì | to cause to stop, to keep waiting |
小 | xiǎo | small |
小人 | xiǎorén | the small-minded man |
長者 | zhǎngzhě | magnanimous man |
5. 侯生谓公子曰:“臣所过屠者朱亥,此子贤者,世莫能知,故隐屠间耳。” 公子往数请之,朱亥故不复谢, 公子怪之。
(77.5)
世 | shì | generation; world |
數 | shuò | often (cf shù: number; many times) |
閒(间) | jiān | among (cf. jiàn: secretly) |
謝 | xiè | to thank |
怪 | guài | strange; to consider remarkable |
6. 魏安厘王二十年,秦昭王已破赵长平军,又进兵围邯郸。公子姊为赵惠文王弟平原君夫人,数遗魏王及公子 书,请救于魏。魏王使将军晋鄙将十万众救赵。秦王使使者告魏王曰:“吾攻赵旦暮且下,而诸侯敢救者,已拔赵,必移兵先击之。” 魏王恐,使人止晋鄙,留军壁 邺,名为救赵,实持两端以观望。平原君使者冠盖相属于魏,让魏公子曰:“胜所以自附为婚姻者,以公子之高义,为能急人之困。今邯郸旦暮降秦而魏救不至,安在公子能急人之困也! 且公子纵轻胜,弃之降秦,独不怜公子姊邪?” 公子患之,数请魏王,及宾客辩士说王万端。魏王畏秦,终不听公子。公子自度终不能得之于王,计不独生而令赵亡,乃请宾客,约车骑百余乘,欲以客往赴秦军,与赵俱死。
(77.6)
二十年 | èr shí nián | i.e. 257 BCE |
已 | yǐ | to finish; after having |
長平 | Chángpíng | (name of a place) |
進 | jìn | to advance; to cause to advance |
邯鄲 | Hán Dān | (capital of Zhao) |
姊 | zǐ | elder sister |
平原君 | Píng Yuán Jūn | Lord of Ping Yuan (Zhao Sheng) |
夫人 | fū rén | wife, lady |
遺 | wèi | to send |
請 | qǐng | to plead for |
救 | jiù | to rescue |
將軍 | jiāng jūn | general |
晉鄙 | Jìn Bǐ | a general in the state of Wei |
將 | jiàng | to command; general |
眾 | zhòng | multitude |
暮 | mù | evening |
旦暮 | dàn mù | at any moment |
而 | ér | if |
移 | yí | to move, to transfer |
壁 | bì | to encamp |
鄴 | Yè | (a city in Wei near Zhao border, in modern-day Hebei) |
實 | shí | real; really; in reality |
端 | duān | head; end |
蓋(盖) | gài | canopy of a carriage |
屬 | zhǔ | to join |
相屬 | xiāng zhǔ | in continuous succession |
讓 | ràng | to berate |
勝 | Shèng | (personal name of Lord of Ping Yuan) |
附 | fù | to attach to |
婚姻 | hūn yīn | marriage; relative by marriage |
為 | wèi | because |
急 | jí | to be concerned about |
困 | kùn | difficulty, distress |
降 | xiáng | to surrender |
縱 | zòng | even if |
輕 | qīng | to look down on |
棄(弃) | qì | to abandon, to forsake |
憐 | lián | to pity |
邪 | yē | [interrogative particle] [alt. form of耶] |
請 | qǐng | to appeal to |
辯 | biàn | to argue |
辯士 | biàn shì | expert debater |
端 | duān | reason; way |
聽 | tīng | to heed; to obey (cf. ting, to listen) |
計 | jì | to decide on a play |
約 | yuē | to assemble |
乘 | shèng | (measure for chariots, carriages, etc.) |
以 | yǐ | (take as 與) |
赴 | fù | to rush to or against |
7. 行过夷门,见侯生,具告所以欲死秦军状。辞决而行,侯生曰:“公子勉之矣,老臣不能从。” 公子行数里,心不快,曰:“吾所以待侯生者备矣,天下莫不闻,今吾且死而侯生曾无一言半辞送我,我岂有所失哉?” 复引车还,问侯生。侯生笑曰:“臣固知公子之还 也。” 曰:“公子喜士,名闻天下。今有难,无他端而欲赴秦军,譬若以肉投馁虎,何功之有哉?尚安事客?然公子遇臣厚,公子往而臣不送,以是知公子恨之复返 也。” 公子再拜,因问。侯生乃屏人间语,曰:“嬴闻晋鄙之兵符常在王卧内,而如姬最幸,出入王卧内,力能窃之。嬴闻如姬父为人所杀,如姬资之三年,自王以 下欲求报其父仇,莫能得。如姬为公子泣,公子使客斩其仇头,敬进如姬。如姬之欲为公子死,无所辞,顾未有路耳。公子诚一开口请如姬,如姬必许诺,则得虎符夺晋鄙军,北救赵而西却秦,此五霸之伐也。” 公子从其计,请如姬。如姬果盗晋鄙兵符与公子。
(77.7)
具 | jù | all, in detail |
狀 | zhuàng | situation, circumstances |
決 | jué | to say farewell to (u.f . 訣) |
勉 | miàn | to do one’s best |
待 | dài | to treat |
快 | kuài | happy |
備 | bèi | complete, thorough |
曾 | céng | actually (to speaker’s surprise) |
辭 | cí | words, phrase |
送 | sòng | to see off; to say in parting |
失 | shī | to make a mistake |
固 | gù | all along |
喜 | xǐ | to like, to cherish |
譬 | pì | analogy |
譬若 | pì ruò | it is as if |
肉 | ròu | meat |
投 | tóu | to throw |
餒 | něi | to starve |
尚 | shàng | still; any more |
事 | shì | to use, to need |
厚 | hòu | generous |
恨 | hèn | to resent, to regret |
之 | zhī | may be read as ( 而 ) |
返 | fǎn | to return |
再 | zài | a second time, twice |
屏 | bǐng | to send away |
閒 | jiàn | privately, secretly |
符 | fú | tally |
兵符 | bīng fú | general’s warrant (part is held by the general, part by the ruler, a change of orders must be accompanied by the ruler’s part) |
臥內 | wò nèi | bed chamber |
如姬 | Rú Jī | (the King of Wei’s concubine) |
幸 | xìng | favored |
力 | lì | ability, to be able to |
竊 | qiè | to steal |
資 | zī | to offer a reward |
以下 | yǐxià | (from)…downward |
報 | bào | to avenge |
仇 | chóu | enemy |
為 | wèi | with, in company of |
辭 | cí | to refuse |
顧 | gù | but |
路 | lù | road; opportunity |
誠 | chéng | if…really; sincerely |
開 | kāi | to open |
諾 | nuò | to assent; yes |
虎符 | hǔ fú | (a bīng fú in the shape of a tiger) |
奪 | duó | to seize |
卻 | què | to force to retreat |
五霸 | Wǔ Bà | the Five Hegemons (Dukes Huan of Qi, Wen of Qin, etc.) |
伐 | fá | achievement; stroke |
盜 | dào | to steal |
與 | yǔ | to give ( = 予) |
8. 公子行,侯生曰:“将在外,主令有所不受,以便国家。公子即合符,而晋鄙不授公子兵而复请之,事必危 矣。臣客屠者朱亥可与俱,此人力士。晋鄙听,大善;不听,可使击之。” 于是公子泣。侯生曰:“公子畏死邪?何泣也?” 公子曰:“晋鄙嚄唶宿将,往恐不听, 必当杀之,是以泣耳,岂畏死哉?” 于是公子请朱亥。朱亥笑曰:“臣乃市井鼓刀屠者,而公子亲数存之,所以不报谢者,以为小礼无所用。今公子有急,此乃臣效 命之秋也。” 遂与公子俱。公子过谢侯生。侯生曰:“臣宜从,老不能。请数公子行日,以至晋鄙军之日,北向自刭,以送公子。” 公子遂行。
(77.8)
外 | wài | away from the capital; in the field |
主令 | zhǔ lìng | the ruler’s orders |
便 | biàn | to benefit |
國家 | guó jiā | state |
即 | jí | if |
合 | hé | to fit together; to match |
力士 | lì shì | man of great strength |
俱 | jù | to go together |
嚄唶 | huò zè | fiery; impressive |
宿將 | sù jiàng | veteran commander |
當 | dāng | must |
是以 | shì yǐ | for this reason |
迺 | nǎi | (alt. form of 乃) |
市井 | shì jǐng | marketplace |
鼓 | gǔ | to beat; to wield |
刀 | dāo | knife |
鼓刀 | gǔ dāo | to slaughter (animals) |
存 | cún | to visit |
效命 | xiào mìng | to risk one’s life |
秋 | qiū | autumn; time |
數 | shǔ | to count |
以 | yǐ | on, at (a time) |
鄉 | xiàng | to face (alt. form of 向, 嚮) |
剄 | jǐng | to cut one’s throat |
送 | sòng | to thank; to see off |
9. 至邺,矫魏王令代晋鄙。晋鄙合符,疑之,举手视公子曰:“今吾拥十万之众,屯于境上,国之重任,今单 车来代之,何如哉?” 欲无听。朱亥袖四十斤铁椎,椎杀晋鄙,公子遂将晋鄙军。勒兵下令军中曰:“父子俱在军中,父归;兄弟俱在军中,兄归;独子无兄弟,归养。” 得选兵八万人,进兵击秦军。秦军解去,遂救邯郸,存赵。赵王及平原君自迎公子于界,平原君负韊矢为公子先引。赵王再拜曰:“自古贤人未有及公子者 也。” 当此之时,平原君不敢自比于人。公子与侯生决,至军,侯生果北乡自刭。
(77.9)
矯 | jiǎo | to forge, fake |
代 | dài | to take the place of |
疑 | yí | to be suspicious of |
舉 | jǔ | to raise |
擁 | yōng | to possess |
屯 | tún | camp |
重 | zhòng | important |
任 | rèn | responsibility |
單 | dān | single |
何如 | hé rú | what about…? what’s going on? |
無 | wú | not |
袖 | xiù | sleeve; to hide in sleeve |
斤 | jīn | catty |
鐵 | tiě | iron |
棰 | chuí | truncheon |
勒 | lè | to take command of |
下令 | xià ling | to issue order |
子 | zǐ | son |
獨 | dú | only [adj.] |
養 | yǎng | to look after |
選 | xuǎn | to select; selected |
解 | jiě | to raise (siege) |
存 | cún | to preserve |
負 | fù | to carry on the back |
韊 | lán | quiver (of arrows) |
古 | gǔ | old; antiquity |
及 | jí | to reach, to match |
比 | bǐ | to compare |
決 | jué | to part |
10. 魏王怒公子之盗其兵符,矫杀晋鄙,公子亦自知也。已却秦存赵,使将将其军归魏,而公子独与客留赵。赵 孝成王德公子之矫夺晋鄙兵而存赵,乃与平原君计,以五城封公子。公子闻之,意骄矜而有自功之色。客有说公子曰:“物有不可忘,或有不可不忘。夫人有德于公 子,公子不可忘也;公子有德于人,愿公子忘之也。且矫魏王令,夺晋鄙兵以救赵,于赵则有功矣,于魏则未为忠臣也。公子乃自骄而功之,窃为公子不取也。” 于 是公子立自责,似若无所容者。赵王埽除自迎,执主人之礼,引公子就西阶。公子侧行辞让,从东阶上。自言罪过,以负于魏,无功于赵。赵王侍酒至暮,口不忍献 五城,以公子退让也。公子竟留赵。赵王以鄗为公子汤沐邑,魏亦复以信陵奉公子。公子留赵。
(77.10)
孝成王 | Xiào Chéng Wáng | King Xiao Cheng |
德 | dé | to be grateful for; virtue; moral power |
城 | chéng | walled town |
意 | yì | thoughts |
矜 | jīn | proud |
功 | gōng | to consider meritorious |
物 | wù | thing, matter |
忘 | wàng | to forget |
或 | huò | some; others; in some cases |
德 | dé | kindness |
取 | qǔ | to accept, to concur in opinion |
責 | zé | to criticize |
似 | sì | to seem |
容 | róng | to contain; to hide |
埽 | sǎo | to sweep (alt. form of sǎo 掃) |
除 | chú | to get rid of |
埽除 | sǎo chú | to sweep the roads (in welcome) |
執 | zhí | to carry out |
主 | zhǔ | ruler; host |
主人 | zhǔ rén | host |
階 | jiē | steps |
側 | cè | inclined |
側行 | cè xìng | to walk bent over (humbly) |
辭讓 | cí ràng | to demur |
辠 | zuì | (alt. form of 罪) |
過 | guò | offense, sin |
侍 | shì | to accompany, to attend to |
退 | tuì | to withdraw, to decline |
竟 | jìng | finally |
鄗 | Hào | (a place in Zhao) |
湯沐邑 | tāng mù yì | temporary fief (originally for ritual fasting and purification) |
奉 | fèng | to offer |
留 | liú | to stay |
11. 公子闻赵有处士毛公藏于博徒,薛公藏于卖浆家,公子欲见两人,两人自匿不肯见公子。公子闻所在,乃间步往从此两人游,甚欢。平原君闻之,谓其夫人曰:“始吾闻夫人弟公子天下无双,今吾闻之,乃妄从博徒卖浆者游,公子妄人耳。” 夫人以告公子。公子乃谢夫人 去,曰:“始吾闻平原君贤,故负魏王而救赵,以称平原君。平原君之游,徒豪举耳,不求士也。无忌自在大梁时,常闻此两人贤,至赵,恐不得见。以无忌从之 游,尚恐其不我欲也,今平原君乃以为羞,其不足从游。” 乃装为去。夫人具以语平原君。平原君乃免冠谢,固留公子。平原君门下闻之,半去平原君归公子,天下士复往归公子,公子倾平原君客。
(77.11)
處士 | chǔ shì | a shi out of office, in retirement, recluse |
毛 | Máo | (a surname) |
公 | gōng | Master |
藏 | cáng | to hide |
博徒 | bó tú | gambler |
薛 | Xuē | (a surname) |
賣 | mài | to sell |
賣漿家 | mài jiāng jiā | wine seller |
步 | bù | to walk |
乃 | nǎi | actually |
從 | cóng | in company with |
游 | yóu | to associate |
歡 | huān | joyful |
妄 | wàng | wild, reckless |
稱 | chèn | to satisfy, to please |
豪 | háo | (heroic) |
豪舉 | háo jǔ | grand or heroic act; grand display |
自 | zì | from the time that |
羞 | xiū | shameful |
其 | qí | [modal particle] |
足 | zú | worthy of |
裝 | zhuāng | to pack up |
為 | wéi | to prepare |
免 | miǎn | to take off |
留 | liú | to press (someone) to stay; to retain |
門下 | mén xià | retainers; door-keeper |
傾 | qīng | to surpass; to exhaust |
12. 公子留赵十年不归。秦闻公子在赵,日夜出兵东伐魏。魏王患之,使使往请公子。公子恐其怒之,乃诫门 下:“有敢为魏王使通者,死。” 宾客皆背魏之赵,莫敢劝公子归。毛公、薛公两人往见公子曰:“公子所以重于赵,名闻诸侯者,徒以有魏也。今秦攻魏,魏急而 公子不恤,使秦破大梁而夷先王之宗庙,公子当何面目立天下乎?” 语未及卒,公子立变色,告车趣驾归救魏。
(77.12)
誡 | jiè | to warn |
通 | tōng | to transmit a message |
背 | bèi | to turn back on |
勸 | quàn | to urge |
重 | zhòng | respected; heavy |
急 | jí | state of crisis |
恤 | xù | to care |
使 | shǐ | to allow; if |
夷 | yí | to level, to raze |
先王 | xiān wáng | the former kings |
宗廟 | zōng miào | ancestral temple |
面目 | miàn mù | face |
立 | lì | to exist |
語 | yǔ | speech |
卒 | zú | to finish |
告 | gào | to ask for |
車 | jū | carriage (men) |
趣 | qū | to urge |
駕 | jià | to harness up |
13. 魏王见公子,相与泣,而以上将军印授公子,公子遂将。魏安厘王三十年,公子使使遍告诸侯。诸侯闻公子 将,各遣将将兵救魏。公子率五国之兵破秦军于河外,走蒙骜。遂乘胜逐秦军至函谷关,抑秦兵,秦兵不敢出。当是时,公子威振天下,诸侯之客进兵法,公子皆名 之,故世俗称《魏公子兵法》。
(77.13)
上將軍 | shàng jiāng jūn | commander in chief |
印 | yìn | seal |
遍 | biàn | everywhere |
各 | gè | each |
率 | shuài | to lead |
河 | Hé | the Yellow River |
上將軍 | shàng jiāng jūn | commander in chief |
印 | yìn | seal |
遍 | biàn | everywhere |
各 | gè | each |
率 | shuài | to lead |
河 | Hé | the Yellow River |
河外 | Hé Wài | (area south of the Yellow River of that time) |
蒙驁 | Méng Áo | (the Qin’s commander) |
乘 | chéng | to take advantage of (c.f. shèng) |
抑 | yì | to pin down |
振 | zhèn | to shake |
進 | jìn | to offer |
法 | fǎ | strategy, plan |
名 | míng | to name |
俗 | sú | custom; vulgar |
世俗 | shì sú | the ordinary people |
稱 | chēng | to name |
14. 秦王患之,乃行金万斤于魏,求晋鄙客,令毁公子于魏王曰:“公子亡在外十年矣,今为魏将,诸侯将皆属,诸侯徒闻魏公子,不闻魏王。公子亦欲因此时定南面而王,诸侯畏公子之威,方欲共立之。” 秦数使反间,伪贺公子得立为魏王未也。魏王日闻其毁,不能不 信,后果使人代公子将。公子自知再以毁废,乃谢病不朝,与宾客为长夜饮,饮醇酒,多近妇女。日夜为乐饮者四岁,竟病酒而卒。其岁,魏安厘王亦薨。
(77.14)
行 | xíng | to issue, to circulate |
毀 | huǐ | slander |
屬 | shǔ | to give allegiance to (cf. zhǔ) |
因此時 | yīn cǐ shí | to take this opportunity |
南 | nán | south |
王 | wàng | to rule as king (cf. wáng: king) |
南面而王 | nán miàn ér wàng | to be king (to face south and rule as king) |
定 | dìng | definitely |
方 | fāng | on the point of |
反閒 | fǎn jiàn | agitator, instigator |
偽 | wěi | false |
賀 | hè | to congratulate |
未也 | wèi yě | (take as 否耶) |
否 | fǒu | or not (in questions) |
廢 | fèi | to depose |
謝病 | xiè bìng | to excuse oneself on account of illness |
朝 | cháo | to go to court |
長 | cháng | long |
長夜 | cháng yè | nightlong |
醇 | chún | strong (of wine) |
近 | jìn | to be intimate with |
樂 | lè | pleasure, merriment |
病酒 | bìng jiǔ | to get ill from drinking |
卒 | zú | to die |
15. 秦闻公子死,使蒙骜攻魏,拔二十城,初置东郡。其后秦稍蚕食魏,十八岁而虏魏王,屠大梁。
(77.15)
初 | chū | at first, for the first time |
置 | zhì | to set up |
東郡 | Dōng Jùn | Eastern Commandery |
稍 | shāo | little by little, gradually |
蠶 | cán | silkworm |
蠶食 | cán shí | to nibble away at |
虜 | lǔ | to capture, to take prisoner |
屠 | tú | to put to the sword |
16. 高祖始微少时,数闻公子贤。及即天子位,每过大梁,常祠公子。高祖十二年,从击黥布还,为公子置守冢五家,世世岁以四时奉祠公子。
(77.16)
始 | shǐ | at first |
微少 | wéi shào | poor, obscure |
每 | měi | each time |
祠 | cí | to sacrifice; shrine |
黥布 | Qíng Bù | (i.e. Yīng 英布, see Shiji 91. Qíng: branded) |
世 | shì | generation |
世世 | shì shì | every generation |
四時 | sì shí | four seasons |
冢 | zhǒng | tomb |
17. 太史公曰:吾过大梁之墟,求问其所谓夷门。夷门者,城之东门也。天下诸公子亦有喜士者矣,然信陵君之 接岩穴隐者,不耻下交,有以也。名冠诸侯,不虚耳。高祖每过之而令民奉祠不绝也。
(77.17)
太史公 | Tài Shǐ Gōng | The Grand Historian (i.e. Sima Qian) |
墟 | xū | ruins |
接 | jiē | to befriend |
嚴 | yán | mountain, rock |
嚴穴 | yán xuè | mountain cave |
恥 | chǐ | to be ashamed |
以 | yǐ | reason, principle, grounds |
冠 | guān | to surpass, to excel |
虛 | xū | empty, vain |
民 | mín | the people |
絕 | jué | to stop |