22 Map of the Warring States Period:

 

 

 

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Chu (楚), Han (韓), Qi (齊), Qin (秦), Wei (魏), Yan (燕), Zhao (趙)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 “Being in Classical Chinese,” in John W. M. Verhaar, ed., The verb ‘Be’ and its Synonyms: Philosophical and Grammatical Studies, Vol. 1 (Dordrecht 1967), p.39.
2 Shadick, Harold. A First Course in Literary Chinese, Vol. 3. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968. p. 846
3 H. Stimpson, 55 Tang Poems, p. 55
4 C Harbsmeier, Aspects of Classical Chinese Syntax, p. 6
5 B. Watson, Early Chinese Literature, p. 12
6 except where a negative, or an interrogative pronoun, shift it before the verb.
7 Chao, A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, p. 70
8 On this construction see Christoph Harbsmeier, Aspects of Classical Chinese Syntax (London and Malmo, 1981), pp. 19-24.

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Introduction to Classical Chinese Copyright © 2024 by Andrew Schonebaum; Anthony George; David Lattimore; Hu Hsiao-chen; Judith Zeitlin; Kong Mei; Liu Lening; Margaret Baptist Wan; Patrick Hanan; Paul Rouzer; Regina Llamas; Shang Wei; and Xiaofei Tian is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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