20 Shiji 79-《史記》-范睢蔡澤列傳
《范睢蔡澤列傳》
1. 范睢者,魏人也,字叔。游说诸侯,欲事魏王,家贫无以自资,乃先事魏中大夫须贾。
(79.1)
范睢 | Fàn Jū | |
資 | zī | to provide expenses |
中大夫 | Zhōng Dà Fū | (rank) |
須賈 | Xū Gǔ | |
字 | zì | style, courtesy name |
3. 须贾为魏昭王使于齐,范睢从。留数月,未得报。齐襄王闻睢辩口,乃使人赐睢金十斤及牛酒,睢辞谢不敢受。须贾知之,大怒,以为睢持魏国阴事告齐,故得此馈,令睢受其牛酒,还其金。既归,心怒睢,以告魏相。魏相,魏之诸公子,曰魏齐。魏齐大怒,使舍人笞击 睢,折胁折齿。睢详死,即卷以箦,置厕中。宾客饮者醉,更溺睢,故僇辱以惩后,令无妄言者。睢从箦中谓守者曰:“公能出我,我必厚谢公。” 守者乃请出弃箦 中死人。魏齐醉,曰:“可矣。” 范睢得出。后魏齐悔,复召求之。魏人郑安平闻之,乃遂操范睢亡,伏匿,更名姓曰张禄。
(79.2)
使 | shǐ | to go on a mission |
報 | bào | response, reply; to repay |
襄 | Xiāng | |
牛 | niú | (cow, ox) beef |
饋 | kuì | present |
還 | huán | to give back |
心 | xīn | heart |
諸公子 | zhū gōngzǐ | the princes |
笞 | chī | rod, cane |
脅 | xié | sides of chest, ribs |
摺 | zhé | to break |
齒 | chǐ | teeth |
詳 | yáng | to pretend (佯) |
卷 | juǎn | to roll up (u.f. 捲) |
簀 | zé | sleeping mat |
廁 | cè | toilet, restroom |
更 | gēng | in turns |
溺 | niào | to urinate (also pronounced nì) |
僇 | lù | to disgrace |
懲 | chéng | to warn, to be a warning to |
鄭安平 | Zhèng Ānpíng | |
操 | cāo | to hold in arms, to carry |
伏 | fú | (to lie face down; to hide) |
伏匿 | fú nì | to hide out |
祿 | Lù |
3. 当此时,秦昭王使谒者王稽于魏。郑安平诈为卒,侍王稽。王稽问:“魏有贤人可与俱西游者乎?” 郑安平 曰:“臣里中有张禄先生,欲见君,言天下事。其人有仇,不敢昼见。” 王稽曰:“夜与俱来。” 郑安平夜与张禄见王稽。语未究,王稽知范睢贤,谓曰:“先生待 我于三亭之南。” 与私约而去。
(79.3)
謁者 | yè zhě | (title of office, in charge of access to ruler) |
稽 | Jī | |
卒 | zú | soldier |
先生 | xiān shēng | Master |
晝 | zhòu | daytime |
究 | jiù or jiū | to end |
三亭 | Sān Tíng | (place near Wei border) |
約 | yuē | to make an arrangement |
4. 王稽辞魏去,过载范睢入秦。至湖,望见车骑从西来。范睢曰:“彼来者为谁?” 王稽曰:“秦相穰侯东行 县邑。” 范睢曰:“吾闻穰侯专秦权,恶内诸侯客,此恐辱我,我宁且匿车中。” 有顷,穰侯果至,劳王稽,因立车而语曰:“关东有何变?” 曰:“无有。”又谓 王稽曰:“谒君得无与诸侯客子俱来乎?无益,徒乱人国耳。” 王稽曰:“不敢。” 即别去。范睢曰:“吾闻穰侯智士也,其见事迟,向者疑车中有人,忘索之。” 于是范睢下车走,曰:“此必悔之。” 行十余里,果使骑还索车中,无客,乃已。王稽遂与范睢入咸阳。
(79.4)
過 | guò | to pass by |
載 | zài | to take in carriage |
湖 | Hú | (name of a place) |
穰 | Ráng | |
侯 | hóu | marquis |
行 | xìng | to make a tour of inspection of (cf. xíng) |
專 | zhuān | to monopolize |
權 | quán | authority |
內 | nà | to take in, to bring in (u.f. 納) (c.f. nèi) |
且 | qiě | for the time being |
勞 | lào | to greet, to welcome (c.f. láo) |
關東 | Guān Dōng | East of the Passes |
變 | biàn | change; disaster |
得無 | dé wú | I do not suppose, perhaps not (in questions) |
客子 | kè zǐ | retainer, advisor |
益 | yì | advantage |
亂 | luàn | to throw into disaster |
別 | bié | to part |
智 | zhì | wise |
遲 | chí | slow, tardy |
鄉者 | xiàng zhě | just now, (u.f. 嚮者, 向者) |
索 | suǒ | to search |
騎 | jì | horseman (c.f. qí, to ride) |
已 | yǐ | to stop |
5. 已报使,因言曰:“魏有张禄先生,天下辩士也。曰‘秦王之国危于累卵,得臣则安。然不可以书传也’。 臣故载来。” 秦王弗信,使舍食草具。待命岁余。
(79.5)
累 | lěi | piled-up, stacked |
卵 | luǎn | eggs |
弗 | fú | fusion word 不 + 之 |
草具 | cǎo jù | rough provender (cf. 具 utensil) |
6.(19)范睢既相秦,秦号曰张禄,而魏不知,以为范睢已死久矣。魏闻秦且东伐韩、魏,魏使须贾于秦。范睢闻 之,为微行,敝衣间步之邸,见须贾。须贾见之而惊曰:“范叔固无恙乎!” 范睢曰:“然。” 须贾笑曰:“范叔有说于秦邪?” 曰:“不也。睢前日得过于魏相, 故亡逃至此,安敢说乎!” 须贾曰:“今叔何事?” 范睢曰: “臣为人庸赁。” 须贾意哀之,留与坐饮食,曰:“范叔一寒如此哉!” 乃取其一绨袍以赐之。须贾因问 曰:“秦相张君,公知之乎?吾闻幸于王,天下之事皆决于相君。今吾事之去留在张君。孺子岂有客习于相君者哉?” 范睢曰:“主人翁习知之。唯睢亦得谒,睢请 为见君于张君。” 须贾曰:“吾马病,车轴折,非大车驷马,吾固不出。” 范睢曰:“愿为君借大车驷马于主人翁。”
(79.6 [19])
號 | hào | to name |
韓 | Hán | (name of a state) |
微行 | wéi xíng | private sortie (in disguise) (by emperor or high official) |
邸 | dǐ | mansion, residence of foreign envoys |
說 | shuì | advice |
不 | fǒu | or not? (questions); it is not so (answer to such questions) (u.f. 否) |
得過 | dé guò | to offend, to incur offense |
庸賃 | yōng lìn | to work for hire |
哀 | āi | a pity |
一 | yī | actually (to speaker’s surprise) |
寒 | hán | (cold), poor |
綈 | tí | (a thick, smooth cloth) |
袍 | páo | gown |
事 | shì | affair, business |
決 | jué | to decide |
豈 | qǐ | [modal particle] (cf. qí 其) |
孺子 | rú zǐ | boy, son |
習 | xí | familiar |
翁 | wēng | old man |
主人翁 | zhǔ rén wēng | master |
唯 | wéi | even (cf. suī 雖) |
謁 | yè | to visit |
軸 | zhóu | axle (also pronounced zhú) |
駟 | sì | four-horse team |
馬 | mǎ | horse |
借 | jiè | to borrow |
7. (20) 范睢归取大车驷马,为须贾御之,入秦相府。府中望见,有识者皆避匿。须贾怪之。至相舍门,谓须贾曰: “待我,我为君先入通于相君。” 须贾待门下,持车良久,问门下曰:“范叔不出,何也?” 门下曰:“无范叔。” 须贾曰:“乡者与我载而入者。” 门下曰:“乃 吾相张君也。” 须贾大惊,自知见卖,乃肉袒厀行,因门下人谢罪。于是范睢盛帷帐,待者甚众,见之。须贾顿首言死罪,曰:“贾不意君能自致于青云之上,贾不 敢复读天下之书,不敢复与天下之事。贾有汤镬之罪,请自屏于胡貉之地,唯君死生之!” 范睢曰:“汝罪有几?” 曰:“擢贾之发以续贾之罪,尚未足。” 范睢 曰:“汝罪有三耳。昔者楚昭王时而申包胥为楚却吴军,楚王封之以荆五千户,包胥辞不受,为丘墓之寄于荆也。今睢之先人丘墓亦在魏,公前以睢为有外心于齐而 恶睢于魏齐,公之罪一也。当魏齐辱我于厕中,公不止,罪二也。更醉而溺我,公其何忍乎? 罪三矣。然公之所以得无死者,以绨袍恋恋,有故人之意,故释公。” 乃谢罢。入言之昭王,罢归须贾。
(79.7 [20])
御 | yù | to drive |
府 | fǔ | official residence |
良 | liáng | very |
賣 | mài | to betray, to deceive |
厀 | xī | knee (u.f. 膝) |
盛 | shèng | numerous, plentiful |
帷 | wéi | curtains |
帳 | zhàng | curtains |
頓 | dùn | to beat (head) on ground; to kowtow |
首 | shǒu | head |
意 | yì | to expect |
致 | zhì | to bring |
青 | qīng | green, blue, etc. |
青雲 | qīng yún | (blue clouds, symbolizing) eminent position |
讀 | dú | to read, to study |
書 | shū | book |
與 | yǔ | to participate (equiv. 預) (c.f. yu) |
屏 | bǐng | to withdraw |
胡 | Hú | (Western tribes) |
貉 | Mò | (Northern tribes) |
唯 | wéi | only |
幾 | jǐ | how many? |
擢 | zhuó | to pull out |
續 | xù | to continue (here used for 贖 shú, to redeem) |
申包胥 | Shēn Bāo Xù | (who is not from楚) |
戶 | hù | household |
丘 | qiū | mound, grave mound |
丘墓 | qiū mù | ancestral mound |
寄 | jì | to be located in, to relocate, to move |
前 | qián | before (in time) |
外心 | wài xīn | disloyal attachment |
惡 | wù | to malign |
戀 | liàn | fond |
戀戀 | liàn liàn | affectionate, mindful |
故人 | gùrén | old friend |
歸 | guī | to send home |
罷 | bà | to terminate (embassy) |
8. (21) 须贾辞于范睢,范睢大供具,尽请诸侯使,与坐堂上,食饮甚设。而坐须贾于堂下,置莝豆其前,令两黥徒 夹而马食之。数曰:“为我告魏王,急持魏齐头来!不然者,我且屠大梁。” 须贾归,以告魏齐。魏齐恐,亡走赵。匿平原君所。
(79.8[21])
供 | gòng | (to provide) |
供具 | gòng jù | to hold a banquet |
莝 | cuò | chopped grass, hay |
豆 | duò | bean |
黥 | qíng | branded (of convicts) |
夾 | jiā | to flank (on both sides) |
數 | shǔ | to berate, to accuse |
急 | jí | urgently |
9. (22) 范睢既相,王稽谓范睢曰:“事有不可知者三,有不柰何者亦三。宫车一日晏驾,是事之不可知者一也。君 卒然捐馆舍,是事之不可知者二也。使臣卒然填沟壑,是事之不可知者三也。宫车一日晏驾,君虽恨于臣,无可柰何。君卒然捐馆舍,君虽恨于臣,亦无可柰何。使 臣卒然填沟壑,君虽恨于臣,亦无可柰何。” 范睢不怿,乃入言于王曰:“非王稽之忠,莫能内臣于函谷关;非大王之贤圣,莫能贵臣。今臣官至于相,爵在列侯, 王稽之官尚止于谒者,非其内臣之意也。”昭王召王稽,拜为河东守,三岁不上计。又任郑安平,昭王以为将军。范睢于是散家财物,尽以报所尝困戹者。一饭之德 必偿,睚眦之怨必报。
(79.9[22])
晏 | yàn | late |
宮車晏駕 | kōng jū yàn jià | euphemism for an emperor’s death |
卒然 | zú rán | hurriedly, urgently (read 卒as 猝 or 促) |
捐 | juān | to lose |
捐館舍 | juān guǎn shè | euphemism for death |
填 | tián | to fill |
溝壑 | gōu hè | ravines and valleys |
填溝壑 | tián gōu hè | euphemism for death |
非 | fēi | introduces negative conditional (unless, if not) |
守 | shǒu | governor |
上計 | shàng jì | to present a report (on affairs under one’s jurisdiction) |
任 | rèn | to recommend for office |
散 | sàn | to scatter, to distribute |
財物 | cái wù | riches; worldly possessions |
戹 | è | also written 厄: adversity, difficulty |
償 | cháng | to repay, reward |
睚眥 | yái zì | to glare in anger |
10. (23) 范睢相秦二年,秦昭王之四十二年,东伐韩少曲、高平,拔之。
(79.10[23])
韓 | Hán | (name of a state) In 403 BCE the state of Qi was divided into three by its ruling ministerial families, Han, Zhao and Wei. |
少曲 | Shào Qǔ | |
高平 | Gāo Píng |
11. (24) 秦昭王闻魏齐在平原君所,欲为范睢必报其仇,乃详为好书遗平原君曰 : “寡人闻君之高义,愿与君为布衣之友,君幸过寡人,寡人愿与君为十日之饮。” 平原君畏秦,且以为然,而入秦见昭王。昭王与平原君饮数日,昭王谓平原君曰:“昔周文王得吕尚以为太公,齐桓 公得管夷吾以为仲父,今范君亦寡人之叔父也。范君之仇在君之家,愿使人归取其头来;不然,吾不出君于关。” 平原君曰:“贵而为交者,为贱也;富而为交者, 为贫也。夫魏齐者,胜之友也,在,固不出也,今又不在臣所。” 昭王乃遗赵王书曰:“王之弟在秦,范君之仇魏齐在平原君之家。王使人疾持其头来;不然,吾举 兵而伐赵,又不出王之弟于关。” 赵孝成王乃发卒围平原君家,急,魏齐夜亡出,见赵相虞卿。虞卿度赵王终不可说,乃解其相印,与魏齐亡,间行,念诸侯莫可以 急抵者,乃复走大梁,欲因信陵君以走楚。信陵君闻之,畏秦,犹豫未肯见,曰:“虞卿何如人也?” 时侯嬴在旁,曰:“人固未易知,知人亦未易也。夫虞卿蹑屩 檐簦,一见赵王,赐白璧一双,黄金百镒;再见,拜为上卿;三见,卒受相印,封万户侯。当此之时,天下争知之。夫魏齐穷困过虞卿,虞卿不敢重爵禄之尊,解相 印,捐万户侯而间行。急士之穷而归公子,公子曰‘何如人’。人固不易知,知人亦未易也!” 信陵君大惭,驾如野迎之。魏齐闻信陵君之初难见之,怒而自刭。赵王闻之,卒取其头予秦。秦昭王乃出平原君归赵。
(79.11[24])
幸 | Xìng | I hope; favor |
周文王 | Zhōu Wén Wáng | King Wen of Zhou |
呂尚 | Lǚ Shàng | |
太公 | Tài Gōng | (title usually applied to grandfathers, given to Lu Shang by the Zhou founders) |
桓 | Huán | |
管夷吾 | Guǎn Yíwú | (i.e. Guàn Zhòng 管仲) |
仲父 | zhòng fù | uncle |
為 | wèi | for the purpose of |
又 | yòu | furthermore, also |
疾 | jí | quick |
發 | fā | to send out |
虞卿 | Yú Qīng | |
因 | yīn | to enlist the help of |
猶豫 | yóu yù | to hesitate |
何如 | hé rú | what sort of…? |
易 | yì | easy |
躡 | niè | to tread, to wear on feet |
屩 | qué | straw sandals |
檐 | dān | read as 擔: to carry on shoulder |
簦 | dēng | umbrella |
窮 | qióng | in distress |
重 | zhòng | to value |
爵 | jué | high rank |
祿 | lù | emolument |
尊 | zūn | honor |
捐 | juān | to abandon |
慙 | cán | to be ashamed (alt. form of 慚) |
駕 | jià | to go by carriage |
野 | yě | countryside |
難 | nán | difficult |